1. | A study was conducted
to examine the relationship between acne and eating chocolate.
Two hundred teenagers with acne were in one group and 200 similar
teenagers without acne were in the other group. Each subject was
asked questions about his/her chocolate eating habits. In the
analysis, percentages of teenagers who ate chocolate were calculated
for the group with acne and the group without acne. Which of the
following study questions is best answered by this design?
|
| | a. | Does drinking chocolate milk cause acne? |
| | b. | Is eating chocolate more common among teenagers with acne than those who don't have acne? |
| | c. | Is eating chocolate decreasing among teenagers? |
| | d. | Is there more acne among teenagers than in the past? |
| | e. | Is acne more common among teenagers
who eat candy?
|
2. | Which of the following describes the best plan to answer the study question: " Does playing violent video games cause violent behavior?"
|
| | a. | Study violent behavior in people who play violent video games. |
| | b. | Study the use of violent video games in people who have violent behavior. |
| | c. | Study changes in violent behavior
from 1996-2002. |
| | d. | Compare the amount of violent
behavior in people who play violent video games to the amount
of violent behavior in people who do not play violent video games. |
| | e. | Study changes in the use of violent video games from 1996-2002.
|
3. | Which
of the following tools could you use to collect, analyze, and
interpret data in a scientific investigation of an exposure /
disease relationship?
|
| | a. | Questionnaires |
| | b. | 2x2 tables |
| | c. | Calculations of risks |
| | d. | Calculations of relative risks |
| | e. | All of the above
|
4. | Let us say that a new disease has been identified that produces a swelling of the lips and tongue. The cause of the new disease is not known. At this point, all the reported cases have occurred among lifeguards at pools and beaches, referees at athletic facilities, and traffic police. Given the distribution of the new disease, what do you predict is causing it?
|
| | a. | Soap |
| | b. | Toothpaste |
| | c. | Whistles |
| | d. | Chlorinated water |
| | e. | Automobile exhaust
|
5. | A
study published in a scientific journal found that teenagers who
had acne were three times more likely to be depressed than teenagers
without acne. Which of the following may explain why this association
was found?
|
| | a. | Acne causes depression. |
| | b. | A medication used to treat
acne might cause depression. |
| | c. | There might not be an association
between acne and depression; it might have been found due to chance. |
| | d. | The researchers may have found their result because of bias in the way the study was done. |
| | e. | All of the above
|
A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that carrying heavy
backpacks causes back pain. 1,000 middle school students who did not
have back pain were followed from January through June 2002. At the
end of the study, among 100 students who carry heavy backpacks, 25
students developed back pain. Among the 900 students who did not carry
heavy backpacks, 50 students developed back pain.
