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Bibliography on Hinduism and Ecology

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Contributed by John Noyce, from his forthcoming (2001) Religion and Development: A Bibliography, .  

ANAND, A.S., and V.K.ARUNA KUMARA Experimenting with ancient knowledge [agricultural research in Karnataka, based on the Lokopakarum, the first known scientific literature in Kannada] COMPAS Newsletter (ETC, Leusden, Netherlands) Feb 1999; no.1:23 Also available on the Internet: http://www.etcint.org/compas_newsl.htm

ANAND, S. Khandavadaha: a lesson in ecology Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Pune) 1990;71(1-4):25-59

ARAPURA, J.G., et al Ahimsa and ecology [8 articles] Journal of Dharma 1991;16(3):197-301

ARAPURA, J.G. Ahimsa in basic Hindu scriptures, with reference to cosmo-ethics (ecology) Journal of Dharma 1991;16(3):197-210

BALAPURE, K.N., et al Plants of the Ramayana Ancient Science of Life 1987;v7:76-84

BANERJEE, S.C. Flora and fauna in Sanskrit literature Calcutta: Naya Prakash, 1980

BANWARI Pancavati: Indian approach to environment Delhi: Shri Vinayak Publications, 1992

BAWA, V.K. Environment and development - a Gandhian approach Asian Economic Review 1993;35(1):145-160

BRAHMACHARY, R.L. Traditional knowledge and modern ecology Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society 1995;30(2):103-107

BILIMORIA, P. Environmental ethics of Indian religious traditions [Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain] 1997. Published online at: http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/RELIGION/ faculty/bilimoria/paper.htm . Abridged version published as: Indian religious traditions. In: Spirit of the environment: religion, value, and environmental concern. Edited by D.E.Cooper and J.A.Palmer (London: Routledge, 1998):1-14

CHAITANYA, K. Towards a recovery of old perceptions [inc. ecology in the Vedas] India International Centre Quarterly 1982;9(3-4):345-355

CHAITANYA, K. A profounder ecology: the Hindu view of man and nature The Ecologist 1983;v13:127-135

CHANDRASEKHAR, S. The Hindu understanding of population and population control In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1999):189-216

CHAPPLE, C. Contemporary Jaina and Hindu responses to the ecological crisis In: An ecology of the spirit: religious reflection and environmental consciousness. Edited by M.H.Barnes (Lanham, Md: University Press of America/College Theology Society, 1994)

CHAPPLE, C.K. Hindu environmentalism: traditional and contemporary resources The Bucknell Review 1993;37(2):113-123 Also in: Worldviews and ecology: religion, philosophy, and the environment. Edited by M.E.Tucker and J.A.Grim (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1994):113-123

CHAPPLE, C.K. India's earth consciousness In: The soul of nature: celebrating the spirit of the earth. Edited by M.Tobias and G.Cowan (New York: Plume, 1994):145-151

CHAPPLE, C.K. Towards an indigenous Indian environmentalism In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):13-37

CHAPPLE, C.K., and M.E.TUCKER, eds Hinduism and ecology: the intersection of earth, sky, and water Harvard, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2000

COLYER, B. Hind Swaraj: a green manifesto Gandhi Marg 1995;17(3):320-330

COWARD, H.G. The new master-paradigm: ecology [Hindu and Christian perspectives] Hindu-Christian Studies Bulletin 1993;v6:5-44

COWARD, H. The ecological implications of karma theory In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):39-49

CRAWFORD, C. The ecological conscience of Hinduism Indian Philosophy and Culture 1971;16(2):147-158

CREMO, M.A., and M.GOSWAMI Divine nature: a spiritual perspective on the environmental crisis Los Angeles: Bhaktivedanta Institute, 1995

DARIAN, S.G. The Ganges in myth and history Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1978

DAS, S. Forest policy of the Mauryas: an ecological perspective [ancient India] Quarterly Review of Historical Studies 1996;36(3-4):22-35

DAVE, V. The rivers in the Vamana Purana Purana 1970;12:33-47

DE SANTIS, S. Nature and man: the Hindu perspectives Varanasi, 1995. 2v (Distributed by Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi)

DEUTSCH, E. Vedanta and ecology Indian Philosophical Annual (Madras) 1970;v7:79-88

DIEHL, C.G. The Goddess of forests in Tamil literature Tamil Culture 1964;11:308-316

DWIVEDI, O.P., and B.N.TIWARI Environmental crisis and Hindu religion New Delhi: Gitanjali Publishing House, 1987

DWIVEDI, O.P., and B.N.TIWARI Environmental protection in the Hindu religion In: World religions and the environment. Edited by O.P.Dwivedi (New Delhi: Gitanjali Publishing House, 1989):158-186,339-361

DWIVEDI, O.P. Darshan: nature and the face of God New York: SYDA Foundation, 1990

DWIVEDI, O.P. Satyagraha for conservation: awakening the spirit of Hinduism In: Ethics of environment and development. Edited by J.R.Engel and J.Gibb (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1990) Also in: This sacred earth: religion, nature, environment. Edited by R.S.Gottlieb (New York: Routledge, 1996):151-164

DWIVEDI, O.P. Global dharma to the environment Indian Journal of Public Administration 1993;39(2):566-576

DWIVEDI, O.P. Human responsibility and the environment: a Hindu perspective Hindu-Christian Studies Bulletin 1993;6:19-26

DWIVEDI, O.P. Environmental protection in the Indian tradition In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, 1999):161-188

ECK, D.L. Ganga: the Goddess in Hindu sacred geography In: The divine consort: Radha and the goddesses of India. Edited by J.S.Hawley and D.M.Wulff (Boston: Beacon Press, 1982)(Berkeley Religious Studies Series):166-183

FELDHAUS, A. The image of the forest in the Mahatmyas of the rivers of the Deccan In: The history of sacred places in India as reflected in traditional literature. Edited by H.Bakker. Panels of the VIIth World Sanskrit Conference, vol.3. (Leiden: E.J.Brill, 1990):90-102

FELDHAUS, A. Types of river goddesses in Maharashtra In: Folk culture, folk religion and oral traditions as components in Maharashtrian culture. Edited by G.-D.Sontheimer (Maharashtra: Culture and Society/ New Delhi: Manohar, 1994):31-47

FELDHAUS, A. Water and womanhood: religious meanings of rivers in Maharashtra New York: Oxford University Press, 1995

GADGIL, M., and V.D.VARTAK The sacred uses of nature In: Social ecology. Edited by R.Guha (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994):82-89 (extracted from Gadgil and Vartak 1976 - see sacred groves section)

GADGIL, M. The Indian heritage of a conservation ethic In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1999):141-160

GHILDIYAL VINEET, and R.C.SHARMA Some Himalayan birds and their conservation in Rigvedic India Himalayan Research and Development 1985;4(2):24-25

GUHA, R. Mahatma Gandhi and the environmental movement Pune: Parisar Annual Lecture, 1993

GUPTA, L. Ganga: purity, pollution, and Hinduism In: Ecofeminism and the sacred. Edited by C.J.Adams (New York: Continuum, 1994):99-116

HARRIS, M. The cultural ecology of India's sacred cattle Current Anthropology Feb 1966 Reprint: 1992;33(1):261-276

HOPKINS, E.W. Mythological aspects of trees and mountains in the great epic Journal of the American Oriental Society 1910;v30:347-374

HOPKINS, E.W. The sacred rivers of India In: Studies in the history of religions presented to Crawford Howell Toy. Edited by D.G.Lyon and G.F.Moore (New York, 1912):213-229

JAMES, G., ed Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India New Delhi: APH Publishing, 1999

JAMES, G. The significance of Indian traditions for environmental ethics In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1999):3-30

JANSMA, R. Ecology in a theosophical perspective Theosophist (Madras) 1989;111(2):62-68

JAVADEKAR, A.G. Modern ecology - the relevance of Sankhya Journal of the Oriental Institute (Baroda) 1976;25(3-4):260-264

JHA, V.N., ed. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Awareness reflected in Sanskrit Literature Pune: Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, University of Pune, 1991

KAMAT, N.G. Ecology as depicted in the Yogavasistha In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Awareness reflected in Sanskrit Literature. Edited by V.N.Jha (Pune: Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, University of Pune, 1991):148-153

KAPADIA, B.H. The four-fold division of the heavenly river in the Puranas Purana 1962;4:146-153

KHOSHOO, T.N. Gandhian environmentalism In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1999):241-282

KINSLEY, D. Reflections on ecological themes in Hinduism Journal of Dharma 1991;16(3):229-245

KINSLEY, D. Ecology and religion: ecological spirituality in cross-cultural perspective Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995 Chapter 5: Hinduism: ecological themes

KLOSTERMAIER, K.K. Bhakti, ahimsa and ecology Journal of Dharma 1991;16(3):246-254

KLOSTERMAIER, K.K. Hinduism, population and the environment In: Population, consumption and the environment: religious and secular responses. Edited by H.Coward (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995):137-152

KUMAR, S.V. The Pauranic lore of holy water-places, with special reference to Skanda Purana New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1983

KUSUMA BAI, K. Nature and Hindu festivals - an environmental perspective Itihas: journal of the Andhra Pradesh State Archives and Research Institute 1998;24(1-2):1-12

LEWIS, C.A. The Purana texts relating to the rivers of India Purana 1983;25:31-43

McMULLEN, C.O., ed Religion and creation: ecological and developmental concerns in Indian religions Bulletin of the Christian Institute for Religious Studies 1996;v25:3-56

MOSES, S.T. Fish and religion in South India Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society 1922;13:549-554 MUMME, P.Y. Models and images for a Vaisnava environmental theology: the potential contribution of Srivaisnavism In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):133-162

NAGARAJAN, V.R. The Earth Goddess as Bhu Devi: toward a theory of 'embedded ecologies' in folk Hinduism In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):269-296

NARAYANAN, V. "One tree is equal to ten sons": Hindu responses to the problems of ecology, population, and consumption Journal of the American Academy of religion 1997;65(2):291-332

NELSON, L.E. Reverence for nature or the irrelevance of nature? Advaita Vedanta and ecological concern Journal of Dharma 1991;16(3):281-299

NELSON, L., editor Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998

NELSON, L. The dualism of nondualism: Advaita Vedanta and the irrelevance of nature In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):61-88

NOVAK, P. Tao how? Asian religions and the problem of environmental degradation [in China and India] ReVision 1993;16(2):77-82

OKA, G.B. Viewing economics and ecology from a Hindu perspective In: No more yoke on our neck. Fifty years independence of Indonesie. The year of jubilee: the year of liberation. Edited by J.P.Widyatmadja and J.Damanik (Surakarta: Action Group on Social and Development Policy, Social Welfare Guidance Foundation, 1995)

PANDEY, S. Ganga and Yamuna in Indian art and literature Chandigarh: Indra Prakashan, 1984

PARKHILL, T. The forest setting in Hindu epics Lewiston, NY: Mellen University Press, 1980

PEARSON, A. Aspects of Hindu women's vrat tradition as constitutive for eco-spirituality Journal of Dharma 1993;18(3):228-236

POKHARIYAL, G.P. The Hindu view of God, humanity and Mother Nature In: God, humanity and mother nature. Edited by G.E.M.Ogutu (Nairobi, Kenya: Masaki Publishers, 1992)

PRASAD, E.A.V. Human ecology through raja-yoga: ancient insights for global development Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Cultures (Madras) 1983:1-22

PRIME, R. Hinduism and ecology: seeds of truth London: Cassell, 1992 Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1994

PUJARI, A. Ecology in the major Upanisads In: Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Awareness reflected in Sanskrit Literature. Edited by V.N.Jha (Pune: Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, University of Pune, 1991):17-22

RANDHAWA, M.S. The cult of trees and tree worship in Buddhist and Hindu scripture New Delhi: All-Indian Arts and Crafts Society, 1964

RAY, A. Rabindranath Tagore's vision of ecological harmony In: Ethical perspectives on environmental issues in India. Edited by G.A.James (New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 1999):217-240

RELIGION and the environment in North-East India [papers presented at the seminar on Religion and the Environment, Shillong Chapter of the Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Shillong, November 3-5, 1994] Religion and Society 1995;v42:3-107

RUKMANI, T.S. Environmental ethics as enshrined in Sanskrit sources Nidan (Durban, South Africa) 1995;v7:30-41

SEELAND, K. Sacred world view and ecology in Nepal In: Recent research on Nepal: proceedings of a conference held at the Universitat Konstanz, 27-30 March 1984. Edited by K.Seeland (Munchen: Welftforum Verlag, 1986):187-198

SEN, G., ed Indigenous vision: peoples of India, attitudes to the environment New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1992 Also published as: India International Centre Quarterly 1992;19(1-2) SEN GUPTA, S., ed Rain in Indian life and lore Calcutta: Indian Publications, 1963

SESHACHARI, C. Towards a life-affirming ecology: a Gandhian approach Gandhi Marg 1990;12(3):284-294

SHARMA, A. Attitudes to nature in the early Upanishads In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):51-60

SHARMA, S.S. Contemporaneity on the perception of environment in Kautilya's Arthasastra Indian Journal of History of Science 1998;33(1):

SHIVA, V. Time is out of joint [sacredness of the soil] Resurgence 1990;no.142:22-27 (extract from her 1989 Schumacher Lecture)

SHULMAN, D. The Green Goddess of Tirumullaivayil East and West 1980;30:117-131

SINGH, R.P.B. Cosmos, Theos, Anthropos: an innver vision of sacred ecology in Hinduism National Geographical Journal of India 1993;39(1-4):113-140

SINGH, R.P.B. Heritage, ecology and caring for the earth: a search for preserving harmony and ethical values National Geographical Journal of India 1995;41(2):191-218

SIRCAR, D.C. Text of the Puranic list of rivers Indian Historical Quarterly 1950;27:215-238

SONTHEIMER, G.-D. Pastoral dieties in Western India New York: Oxford University Press, 1989 (translation of original German edition, 1976)

SULLIVAN, B.M. Paradise polluted: religious dimensions of the Vrindavana ecological movement In: This sacred earth: religion, nature, environment. Edited by R.S.Gottlieb (New York: Routledge, 1996):565-571

SULLIVAN, B.M. Theology and ecology at the birthplace of Krsna In: Purifying the earthly body of God: religion and ecology in Hindu India. Edited by L.Nelson (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998):247-268

SWAMY, C.R.N. A spiritual ecology Theosophist (Madras) 1975;96(6):396-401; 96(7):32-39; 1990;111(10):390-393

TAGORE, G.V. Ecology in ancient India - a note Journal of the Oriental Institute (Baroda) 1991;40(3-4):215-216

TIWARI, B.N., and O.P.DWIVEDI Hindu culture and ecology South Asian Horizons 1986;4:95-106

TUCKER, M.E., and C.CHAPPLE, eds Hinduism and ecology Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Center for the Study of World Religions/ Harvard University Press, forthcoming

VADAKUMCHERRY, J. The earth mother and the indigenous people of India Journal of Dharma 1993;18(1):85-97

VANNUCCI, M. Ecological readings in the Veda: matter-energy-life New Delhi: DK Printworld, 1994

VATSYAYAN, K. Ecology and Indian myth India International Centre Quarterly (New Delhi) 1992;19(1-2):157-180

VENKATAKRISHNA, B.V. Indian mystic approach to the earth Journal of Dharma 1993;18(1):35-41

WEBER, T. Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement Delhi: Viking Press, 1988

WIJESEKERA, O.H. de A. Rgvedic river-goddesses and an Indus Valley seal In: Dr.C.Kunhan Raja presentation volume: a volume of Indological studies. Edited by G.S.Murti and others (Madras: The Adyar Library, 1946

WILLIAMS, J. The churning of the ocean of milk - myth, image and ecology India International Centre Quarterly (New Delhi) 1992;19(1-2):145-155

YASODA DEVI, V. Ganga and Yamuna Sri Venkatesvara University Oriental Journal 1961; 4(1-2):44-54

ZIMMERMAN, F. La Jungle et le fumet des viandes: un theme ecologique dans la medecine hindoue Paris, Gallimard, 1982

5.2.1 Sacred Groves

AMIRTHALINGAM, M., ed The ecological tradition of Tamilnadu [sacred groves, sacred trees and (water) tanks in villages] Chennai (Madras): C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre, 1996?

AMIRTHALINGAM, M. The sacred groves of Tamil Nadu - a survey Chennai (Madras): C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre, 1997?

AMIRTHALINGAM, M. The sacred trees of Tamilnadu Chennai (Madras): C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre, 1998

APFFEL-MARGLIN, F. Sacred groves: regenerating the body, the land, the community In: Global ecology: a new arena of political conflict. Edited by W.Sachs (London: Zed Press, 1993):197-207

APFFEL-MARGLIN, F. The sacred groves: menstruation rituals in rural Orissa Manushi (Delhi) 1994;no.82:22-32

APFFEL-MARGLIN, F. The sacred groves [different perspectives in East and West regarding menstruation, with esp ref to Orissa] Quilt (Philippines) 1994;no.2:56+

APFFEL-MARGLIN, F., and P.PARAJULI Sacred groves and ecology: ritual and science Paper presented at the Hinduism and Ecology Conference, October 2-5, 1997, Harvard University. Abstract: http://divweb.harvard.edu/cswr/ecology/apffel.htm

BOOJH, R., and RAMAKRISHNAN, P.S. Sacred groves and their role in environmental conservation In: Strategies for environmental management [souvenir volume](Lucknow: Department of Science and Environment, Government of Uttar Pradesh, 1983):6-8

CHANDRAN, M.D.S., and J.D.HUGHES The sacred groves of South India: ecology, traditional communities and religious change [Uttara Kannada, Karnataka State] Social Compass 1997;44(3):413-427

CHANDRASHEKARA, U.M., and S.SANKAR Forest ecology and management of sacred groves in Kerala, India Forest Ecology and Management 1998;112(1-2):165-178

FRIENDS OF VRINDAVAN Protecting sacred forests: linking Leicester's community with the sacred forests of India Leicester, UK?: Friends of Vrindavan, 1993

GADGIL, M., and V.D.VARTAK Sacred groves of India: a plea for continued conservation Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 1975;v72:314-320

GADGIL, M., and V.D.VARTAK Sacred groves of Western Ghats of India Economic Botany 1976;30(2):152-160

GADGIL, M., and V.D.VARTAK Sacred groves of Maharashtra: an inventory In: Glimpses of Indian ethnobotany. Edited by S.K.Jain (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1981):279-294

GADGIL, M., and M.D.S.CHANDRAN Sacred groves In: Indigenous vision: peoples of India, attitudes to the environment. Edited by G.Sen (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1992): 184-187 Also in: India International Centre Quarterly 1992;19(1-2):184-187

GODBOLE, A. India: fruits of the grove [sacred groves in Maharashtra][interview] UNESCO Sources Nov 1998;no.106:15

KALAM, M.A. Sacred groves in Kodagu District of Karnataka (South India) Review: South Asia 1997;20(1):137-139

KHIEWTAM, R.S., and P.S.RAMKRISHNAN Socio-cultural studies of the sacred groves at Cherrapunji and adjoining areas in north-eastern India Man in India 1989;69(1):64-71

KOSAMBI, D.D. Myth and reality [sacred groves in Maharashtra] Bombay: Popular Press, 1962

KUMBHOJAR, M.S., and D.I.KULKARNI Environmental impact of sacred groves in Western Ghats of Maharashtra Science and Culture 1998;64(9-10):205-207

MAHAPATRA, S. Unending rythms: oral poetry of the Indian tribes New Delhi: Inter-India Publications, 1992 Chapter 3: The sacred grove and the Bongas: the poetry of the Santals

MOHANAN, L., and P.K.MURALEEDHARAN Rattan resources in the sacred groves of Kerala, India Rattan Information Center Bulletin 1998;v7:4-5

NAIR, N.C., and C.N.MOHANAN On the rediscovery of four threatened species from sacred groves of Kerala Journal of Economic Taxonomy and Botany 1981;v2:233-234

NAIR, G.H., et al Sacred groves of India - vanishing greenery Current Science 1997;72(10):697-698

RODGERS, W.A. The sacred groves of Meghalaya Man in India 1994;74(4):339-348

ROY BURMAN, J.J. Sacred groves among the Mahadeo Kolis Vanyajati 1991;39(1):28-37

ROY BURMAN, J.J. Sacred groves and the modern political economy Lokayan Bulletin Mar-Apr 1994;no.98:41-52

SEN GUPTA, S. Idea of toleration and co-existence: a study of sacred trees in India Folklore (Calcutta) 1980;21(4):85-92

SINGH, G.S. Sacred groves in Western Himalaya - an eco-cultural imperative Man in India 1997;77(2-3):247-257

SINGH, G.S. Socio-cultural evaluation of sacred groves for biodiversity conservation at Kulla District in North Western Himalaya Man and Life 1997;23(3-4):201-208

SINHA, B.C. Tree worship in ancient India New Delhi: Books Today, 1979

SINHA, R.K. Biodiversity conservation through faith and tradition in India - some case studies [sacred groves] International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 1995;2(4):278-284

THAMIZOLI, P. The sacred grove of Kannimar the Irula deity: and in situ conservation of biodiversity South Asian Anthropologist 1997;18(2):71-74

TIWARI, B.K., et al Biodiversity value, status, and strategies for conservation of sacred groves of Meghalaya, India Ecosystem Health 1998;4(1):20-32 VANNUCCI, M. Sacred groves of holy forests In: Concepts of space: ancient and modern. Edited by K.Vatsyayan (New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1991):323-331

VARTAK, V.D., and M.GADGIL Studies on sacred groves along the Western Ghats from Maharashtra and Goa: role of beliefs and folklores [about sacred groves near Mangaon village, hills of Poona district, Maharashtra] In: Glimpses of Indian ethnobotany. Edited by S.K.Jain (Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1981):272-278 Also in: Contributions to Indian ethnobotany. Edited by Jain SK (Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, 1997. 3rd ed):313-318

WACHTEL, P.S. Asia's sacred groves [India and China] International Wildlife Mar-Apr 1993;23(2):24-27

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Revised: December 09, 2004