{"id":13033,"date":"2024-12-17T11:21:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T16:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/?page_id=13033"},"modified":"2024-12-17T11:22:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T16:22:30","slug":"but-i-didnt-mean-to-preventing-plagiarism-teaching-citation-and-modeling-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/but-i-didnt-mean-to-preventing-plagiarism-teaching-citation-and-modeling-research\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBut I didn\u2019t mean to!\u201d: Preventing Plagiarism, Teaching Citation, and Modeling Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What works, what might work, and what no longer works in catching and preventing plagiarism? The Academic Integrity Protocol developed by Wendy Nielsen is an evolving series of exercises designed to help students understand what plagiarism is and how to cite outside sources, particularly those online.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The following material is adapted from a presentation given by Dr. Wendy C. Nielsen, Associate Professor of English, Montclair State University.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why Students Plagiarize<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They think plagiarism requires an intent to cheat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They don\u2019t know what to write about.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They want to \u201cmake it sound better.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They believe if they reduce their Turnitin plagiarism score they are in the clear.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Specific to plagiarizing from online sources:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They do not know how to cite internet sources (citation style\/formatting).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They forget to cite internet sources (sloppiness).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They erroneously view the internet as a site of \u201cgeneral knowledge\u201d or \u201ccommon knowledge\u201d that doesn\u2019t require citation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They were taught to \u201cresearch\u201d online in K-12 but not necessarily how to properly cite sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A fundamental misunderstanding of what constitutes plagiarism can lead to violations of the University\u2019s academic honesty policy. Students must be explicitly taught how and why to cite sources properly and consistently.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How to Detect and Prevent Plagiarism<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What works, what might work, and what no longer works in catching and preventing plagiarism<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Things that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">don\u2019t<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> work to catch and prevent plagiarism:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over relying on Turnitin and AI-detection programs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thinking that no one is plagiarizing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Requiring students to take the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/abacus.bates.edu\/cbb\/quiz\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Colby, Bates and Bowdoin<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(CBB) Plagiarism test<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Requiring an instructor-created honor code on its own<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making an overly complicated \u201cAcademic Integrity Protocol.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Things that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">might<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> work to catch and prevent plagiarism:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Offering more low-stakes assignments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having more face time; less time on the computer<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Changing Turnitin \u201cplagiarism review\u201d settings to show students their Turnitin reports <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">after<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the assignment has been graded. Students may erroneously believe that such reports address all aspects of plagiarism and may rely solely on the report as evidence of not plagiarizing other work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preemptively testing assignment output in ChatGPT and the like; see what results you might expect from students using AI-tools<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Things that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">do <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">work to catch and prevent plagiarism:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teaching Citation: Academic Integrity Protocol for Students<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Step One: Have students engage with a recorded lecture on citation and plagiarism.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Make available a 15-20 minute video (e.g., VoiceThread or Panopto video posted on Canvas) so that all students can access and rewatch the recording regardless of attendance. Include a quiz to ensure comprehension.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The video lecture should promote the positive aspects of citation:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Academic readers expect proper and complete citations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Citation teaches others about a subject and documents the genealogies of knowledge.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Citation shows the writer has researched the subject and is an authoritative voice on the subject.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The lecture should also discuss the details of academic honesty:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When and how to cite\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caution that intent need not be present for plagiarism to be considered a violation of Montclair State\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/policies\/all-policies\/academic-dishonesty\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">academic integrity policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (i.e., \u201cAcademic dishonesty is any attempt, including accidental\u2026\u201d).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Step Two: Have students sign, acknowledge, and fill out an <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1lUsiEojFfLX445D1WFNmRrrqSs7rAkgE\/copy\"><b>Honor Code<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> agreement. The document should include definitions of plagiarism and require students to initial, sign, and write a statement attesting to their understanding of plagiarism and potential consequences for violating the agreement.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Honor Code is often retroactively helpful in reminding students about the definition of plagiarism and students\u2019 awareness of this definition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Honor Code supports responses to student citation during the semester.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Honor Code can be quoted in plagiarism reports (issued in response to plagiarism cases).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Step Three: Have students pass a Citation Exercise paraphrasing from a Wikipedia site.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Assign a citation exercise for students to show their understanding of how to cite a summary, which tends to be more difficult than citing a direct quotation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sample citation exercise:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Summarize something from<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wikipedia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (NOT the example below) and report it in a way that clearly attributes the source. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suggestion: look up a term related to the course&#8217;s title<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (e.g.,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_literature\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Literature<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). Cite and clearly attribute the source in EVERY SENTENCE. This need not be very long. Include a Works Cited entry. For example, see this paraphrased passage about plagiarism:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>According to <\/b><b><i>Wikipedia<\/i><\/b><b>, plagiarism is not a crime but can have legal consequences.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>OR<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Plagiarism is not technically a crime but can have legal consequences (Wikipedia Contributors).<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Works Cited<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>&#8220;Plagiarism.&#8221; <\/b><b><i>Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia<\/i><\/b><b>. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Jul. 2022.<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plagiarism\"> <b>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plagiarism<\/b><\/a><b> Accessed 18 Aug. 2022.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Academic Integrity Protocol may be:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Followed with a discussion in class. Consider assigning a \u201cCitation &amp; Plagiarism Discussion Board\u201d on Canvas on which students reflect on the definition of plagiarism, discuss steps they actively take to avoid it, and ask questions they might have about plagiarism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Administered after the Add\/Drop period; i.e., once student roster in course is finalized<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Made a prerequisite to receive knowledge of grades in the course.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Applying Citation: Assignments that Model Research Methods\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provide students with the opportunity throughout the semester to practice and apply academic citation models, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annotated bibliography: Such assignments ask students to identify a scholarly debate and to articulate the author\u2019s argument, sources, audience, and bias. Include instructions and questions such as:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identify the scholarly debate that the author engages in.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What creative disagreements can you find with the author?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How might you build on this work in new ways that are distinctive from the source?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Distinguish between your ideas and those of the authors you are reporting on. Cite every time you report an author&#8217;s ideas, not only by citing page numbers, but also by indicating through words and phrasing (\u201cAccording to Stang\u2019s article . . .\u201d ; \u201cThe author of this essay argues . . . \u201d) that you are reporting second-hand information.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In-Class Assignments that Teach Students to Analyze Primary Sources<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flipped pedagogy and assignments that teach students how to do things with texts and artifacts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scaffold for end-of-semester assignment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Step-by-step close analysis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Close analysis preceded by a brief literature review, followed by a question with a counter-argument<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Offering Flexible course policies<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Offer an online \u201cDeadline Extension Request Form\u201d to allow students to request more time for graded assignments if they do so 48 hours in advance of the original due date.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Accept late papers: to maintain fairness and insure completion, points may be deducted from late assignments according to days late: -1 for 1 day late, -2 for 2 days late, etc.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Last Modified: Tuesday, December 17, 2024 11:22 am<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What works, what might work, and what no longer works in catching and preventing plagiarism? The Academic Integrity Protocol developed by Wendy Nielsen is an evolving series of exercises designed to help students understand what plagiarism is and how to cite outside sources, particularly those online. The following material is adapted from a presentation given [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":370,"featured_media":6980,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13033","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/370"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13033"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13037,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13033\/revisions\/13037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}