{"id":7922,"date":"2022-09-26T16:58:46","date_gmt":"2022-09-26T20:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/?page_id=7922"},"modified":"2025-03-28T14:12:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T18:12:39","slug":"cognitive-bias","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/cognitive-bias\/","title":{"rendered":"Cognitive Bias"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>Psychologists Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony Greenwald are the creators of <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectimplicit.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Project Implicit<\/a>, a widely-used web-based tool used to discover one\u2019s implicit social attitudes. In <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy.montclair.edu\/lib\/montclair\/detail.action?docID=6077944\" target=\"_blank\">Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People<\/a> (2016), they write about mindbugs or as they explain, \u201cingrained habits of thought that lead to errors in how we perceive, remember, reason, and make decisions.\u201d As they and other researchers establish, mindbugs are present in all humans. They write:<\/p>\n<p><em>Understanding how mindbugs erode the coastline of rational thought, and ultimately the very possibility of a just and productive society, requires understanding the mindbugs that are at the root of the disparity between our inner minds and outward actions. (Blindspot)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Banaji and Greenwald&#8217;s mindbugs are the cornerstones of cognitive bias \u2013 they are hidden forces that have great power when we make decisions, and they lead us to discriminatory behaviors, if unchecked.<\/p>\n<p>Few academics are unfamiliar with discrimination and its effects. We have thought long and hard about the problems of discrimination in our society, and most of us have spent time reflecting on how our personal stories have been implicated and affected by discrimination.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps at this point in your life, as an educated person, you imagine yourself largely free of bias. If that describes you, we encourage you to check out <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectimplicit.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Project Implicit<\/a>, and <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/takeatest.html\" target=\"_blank\">take a test<\/a> (or two). The test results typically surprise educated professionals, even among those of us who are aware that we have biases and believe we can successfully circumvent them.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/takeatest.html\" target=\"_blank\">Take an Implicit Association Test (IAT)<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Cognitive bias in the classroom<\/h2>\n<p>How might cognitive bias be present in teaching?<\/p>\n<p>Examples (from <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/poorvucenter.yale.edu\/ImplicitBiasAwareness\" target=\"_blank\">Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning<\/a>, under a Creative Commons 2.0 license)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Instructors may assume that certain students know to seek help when they are struggling, although students at higher risk for struggling academically are often less likely to seek help and support.<\/li>\n<li>Instructors may assume that students from certain backgrounds or social groups have differing intellectual abilities and\/or ambitions. For example, an instructor might assume that a student from a certain background will be satisfied with lower achievement levels.<\/li>\n<li>Instructors may assume the political viewpoint of a student based on demographic or other characteristics.<\/li>\n<li>Instructors may expect students who speak with certain accents to be poor writers.<\/li>\n<li>Students with substandard writing abilities may be stereotyped as lacking intellectual ability.<\/li>\n<li>Instructors might treat students with physical disabilities as if they may also have mental disabilities, and thus require more attention.<\/li>\n<li>Students who are affiliated with a particular identity group may be treated as experts on issues related to that group.<\/li>\n<li>Instructors may assume that students will best relate to the historical, contemporary, or fictional character who resembles them demographically.<\/li>\n<li>Students of certain groups may be expected to have certain participation styles (quiet, argumentative, agenda-oriented).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The good news is that by adopting specific strategies, that move us away from \u201cgut,\u201d \u201cinstinct,\u201d and \u201chunches\u201d that typically lead to mitigating bias: we can act in significantly less biased ways even if we can\u2019t rid ourselves of the mindbugs that lead us astray from our values and commitments.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note: A Surprising Warning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>What is especially interesting about cognitive bias research is this finding: the more certain people are that they are already mostly free of bias or have overcome their biases, the more likely they are to act in a biased fashion. Most of us are ashamed or self-conscious about bias, especially around gender, race, or ethnicity, and so we tell ourselves we can\u2019t possibly have such a bias and reject measures that mitigate bias as unnecessary for us. Good for others, but not for us. It is this impulse to reject the possibility of biased actions we caution against. Rather, accept that cognitive bias, which by definition is a bias that we can\u2019t see, is part of all of us and seek to adopt strategies to mitigate rather than eliminate bias.<\/p>\n<h2>Learn more<\/h2>\n<h3>UCLA Video Lessons<\/h3>\n<p>A series of seven 3-5 minute videos for the general public and employees that explain the science behind implicit bias, its real-world consequences, and measures and countermeasures that we can take as individuals.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/OQGIgohunVw\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 1: Schemas<\/a> (3:12)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/7FgqGAXvLB8\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 2: Attitudes and Stereotypes<\/a> (4:13)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8SIb97tZSpI\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 3: Real World Consequences<\/a> (3:45)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5S7Je6kbGDY\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 4: Explicit v. Implicit Bias<\/a> (2:49)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/hr9xAcWv790\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 5: The IAT<\/a> (5:14)<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RIOGenWu_iA\" target=\"_blank\">Lesson 6: Countermeasures<\/a> (5:23)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><p><em>Last Modified: Friday, March 28, 2025 2:12 pm<\/em><\/p>eji<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>For more information or help, please <a href=\"mailto:faculty@montclair.edu\">email<\/a>\u00a0the Office for Faculty Excellence or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/montclair-faculty-excellence.libcal.com\/appointments\/\">make an appointment<\/a>\u00a0with a consultant.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/195\/2022\/08\/CC.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" width=\"80\" height=\"15\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nTeaching Resources by\u00a0<a rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/\">Montclair State University Office for Faculty Excellence<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under a\u00a0<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Third-party content is not covered under the Creative Commons license and may be subject to additional intellectual property notices, information, or restrictions. You are solely responsible for obtaining permission to use third party content or determining whether your use is fair use and for responding to any claims that may arise.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons CC BY-NC-4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Psychologists Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony Greenwald are the creators of Project Implicit, a widely-used web-based tool used to discover one\u2019s implicit social attitudes. In Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People (2016), they write about mindbugs or as they explain, \u201cingrained habits of thought that lead to errors in how we perceive, remember, reason, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":327,"featured_media":7894,"parent":0,"menu_order":85,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7922","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/327"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7922"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13577,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7922\/revisions\/13577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/faculty-excellence\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}