{"id":871,"date":"2021-05-21T13:20:41","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T17:20:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/?page_id=871"},"modified":"2021-06-09T17:00:35","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T21:00:35","slug":"hapalosiphon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/freshwater-cyanobacteria-of-new-jersey\/visual-guide-to-cyanobacteria-in-new-jersey\/filamentous\/heterocyte-forming\/hapalosiphon\/","title":{"rendered":"Hapalosiphon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Taxonomy<\/h2>\n
\n
Order<\/dt>\n
Nostocales<\/dd>\n
Family<\/dt>\n
Hapalosiphonaceae<\/dd>\n
Genus<\/dt>\n
Hapalosiphon<\/em><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Examples of Hapalosiphon<\/em><\/h2>\n

\n
\n
\"hapalosiphon<\/a><\/figure>\n

400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div>

\n
\"hapalosiphon<\/a><\/figure>\n

400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div>

\n
\"hapalosiphon<\/a><\/figure>\n

400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div>

\n
\"hapalosiphon<\/a><\/figure>\n

400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div>
\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Morphology<\/h2>\n

Thallus thin, composed of clusters of entangled filaments; initially attached to substrate, later free-floating in metaphyton. Filaments flexuous. Thin, firm, sheaths; close or somewhat widened; sometimes indistinctly lamellated. True-branching, with branches sometimes only unilateral; branches erect from prostrate primary filament; rarely with false, scytonema-type, branching as well; branching irregular; branches usually diverge at a right angle to the main axis (forming a “T” shape). Branches and main trichome are not morphologically differentiated; branches as wide as the main filament, or sometimes just slightly narrower. Trichomes are uniseriate (only with 2 cells next to one another before branching, in old filaments); main axis of trichomes cylindrical, or somewhat moniliform (bead-like; composed of more spherically-shaped cells) in older parts; branches cylindrical. Barrel-shaped to cylindrical cells; roughly cylindrical, rounded terminal cells.<\/p>\n

Heterocytes intercalary, only rarely lateral; usually solitary; cylindrical, quadrate or rounded-rectangular; slightly shorter than wide to isodiametric to several times longer than wide. Akinetes little known. Hormogonia usually separate from the ends of branches, and often contain aerotopes; sometimes gathered in fascicles, resembling the fasciculated colonies of Aphanizomenon<\/em> (Hind\u00e1k 2012).<\/p>\n

Ecology<\/h2>\n

Mostly metaphytic in tropical and temperate regions; in stagnant waters, swamps, littoral zone of lakes and ponds; usually with aquatic plants. Some species occur in moors and peat bogs. In the United States, one species reported in thermal waters; two subaerial species reported.<\/p>\n

References<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Hind\u00e1k, Franti\u0161ek. (2012). Hormogonia in two nostocalean cyanophytes (cyanobacteria) from the genera Hapalosiphon and Fischerella. Biologia. 67(6): 1075-1079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11756-012-0100-3<\/li>\n
  • Johansen, J. R., & Kom\u00e1rek, J. (2015). Filamentous Cyanobacteria. In J. D. Wehr, R. G. Sheath, & J. P. Kociolek (Eds.), Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification<\/em> (2nd ed., pp. 183-201). Waltham, MA: Elsevier.<\/li>\n
  • Kom\u00e1rek, J. (2013). Cyanoprokaryota-3. Teil\/Part 3: Heterocytous Genera (J. R. Johansen, Ed.). In B. B\u00fcdel, G. G\u00e4rtner, L. Krienitz, & M. Schagerl (Eds.), S\u00fc\u00dfwasserflora von Mitteleuropa<\/em> (Vol. 19\/3, pp. 511-529). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Spektrum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Taxonomy Order Nostocales Family Hapalosiphonaceae Genus Hapalosiphon Examples of Hapalosiphon Morphology Thallus thin, composed of clusters of entangled filaments; initially attached to substrate, later free-floating in metaphyton. Filaments flexuous. Thin, firm, sheaths; close or somewhat widened; sometimes indistinctly lamellated. True-branching, with branches sometimes only unilateral; branches erect from prostrate primary filament; rarely with false, scytonema-type, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":611,"parent":827,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-871","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=871"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1042,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/871\/revisions\/1042"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/827"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}