{"id":891,"date":"2021-05-21T13:45:07","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T17:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/?page_id=891"},"modified":"2024-03-11T12:25:23","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T16:25:23","slug":"phormidium","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/freshwater-cyanobacteria-of-new-jersey\/visual-guide-to-cyanobacteria-in-new-jersey\/filamentous\/non-heterocyte-forming\/phormidium\/","title":{"rendered":"Phormidium"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Taxonomy<\/h2>\n<dl class=\"compact\">\n<dt>Order<\/dt>\n<dd>Oscillatoriales<\/dd>\n<dt>Family<\/dt>\n<dd>Oscillatoriaceae<\/dd>\n<dt>Genus<\/dt>\n<dd><em>Phormidium<\/em><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<h2>Examples of <em>Phormidium<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"prpl-row\"><div class=\"prpl-column one-half\">\n<p><div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-891-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" loop=\"1\" autoplay=\"1\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2023\/12\/phormidium-microscope.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2023\/12\/phormidium-microscope.mp4\">\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2023\/12\/phormidium-microscope.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div><\/p>\n<p>magnified view of <em>phormidium<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"prpl-column one-half\">\n<figure class=\"responsive-image-holder wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mlt-responsive-image\" data-original-image=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-1.jpg\" src=\"\/responsive-media\/cache\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-1.jpg.0.1x.generic.jpg\" alt=\"phormidium (image 1)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>400X total magnification; 20 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"prpl-row\"><div class=\"prpl-column one-half\">\n<figure class=\"responsive-image-holder wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mlt-responsive-image\" data-original-image=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-4.jpg\" src=\"\/responsive-media\/cache\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-4.jpg.0.1x.generic.jpg\" alt=\"phormidium (image 4)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"prpl-column one-half\">\n<figure class=\"responsive-image-holder wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mlt-responsive-image\" data-original-image=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-3.jpg\" src=\"\/responsive-media\/cache\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-3.jpg.0.1x.generic.jpg\" alt=\"phormidium (image 3)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>400X total magnification; 10 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"prpl-row\"><div class=\"prpl-column one-half\">\n<figure class=\"responsive-image-holder wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mlt-responsive-image\" data-original-image=\"\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-2.jpg\" src=\"\/responsive-media\/cache\/water-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/73\/2021\/05\/phormidium-2.jpg.0.1x.generic.jpg\" alt=\"phormidium (image 2)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>400X total magnification; 20 \u03bcm scale bar.<\/p><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The genus <em>Phormidium<\/em> has undergone considerable revision, including a reclassifications of some species into various other genera, and there are taxonomic questions that have yet to be answered (Kom\u00e1rek et al. 2014). The number of accepted (taxonomically valid) species may not be consistent from one source to another: upwards of 200 species, according to Kom\u00e1rek et al. (2008); &#8220;nearly 20-30&#8221; species, according to Johansen &amp; Kom\u00e1rek (2015); 207 accepted species, according to <em>Phormidium&#8217;s<\/em> AlgaeBase profile, most recently edited in 2018 (Kom\u00e1rek &amp; Guiry). The sources consulted in writing the morphological and ecological profiles below are Kom\u00e1rek et al. (2008) and Johansen &amp; Kom\u00e1rek (2015).<\/p>\n<h2>Morphology<\/h2>\n<p>Filaments usually in expanded thallus, growing attached to substrate (secondarily floating in masses); texture varies (from thin to thick, fine to leathery). Filaments sometimes form tufts or clusters, and are rarely solitary. Filaments without any branching; slightly waved to loosely, irregularly coiled. Sheaths may occur facultatively to almost obligately, depending on environmental conditions. Trichomes are cylindrical, sometimes narrowed very near to the ends; mostly long; 5-11(15) \u03bcm wide; unconstricted or constricted at crosswalls; conspicuously motile. Cells distinctly shorter than wide (Johansen &amp; Kom\u00e1rek, 2015); or isodiametric to longer than wide (Kom\u00e1rek et al, 2008); cells lack aerotopes. End cells rounded (Johansen &amp; Kom\u00e1rek, 2015); or pointed or narrowed (Kom\u00e1rek et al. 2008); sometimes with a calyptra.<\/p>\n<h2>Ecology<\/h2>\n<p>Mat-forming in a variety of habitats (on wet soil, mud, damp rocks, aquatic plants; in various waters; hot springs; desert soil). Common and found worldwide.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Johansen, J. R., &amp; Kom\u00e1rek, J. (2015). Filamentous Cyanobacteria. In J. D. Wehr, R. G. Sheath, &amp; J. P. Kociolek (Eds.), <em>Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification<\/em> (2nd ed., pp. 162-181). Waltham, MA: Elsevier.<\/li>\n<li>Kom\u00e1rek, J. &amp; Anagnostidis, K. (2008). Cyanoprokaryota-2. Teil\/Part 2: Oscillatoriales. In B. B\u00fcdel, G. G\u00e4rtner, L. Krienitz, &amp; M. Schagerl (Eds.), <em>S\u00fc\u00dfwasserflora von Mitteleuropa<\/em> (Vol. 19\/2, pp. 390-391). Heidelberg, Germany: Spektrum.<\/li>\n<li>Kom\u00e1rek, J., &amp; Guiry, M. D. (2018, March 12). Phormidium <em>K\u00fctzing<\/em> ex <em>Gomont<\/em>, 1892. AlgaeBase. <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.algaebase.org\/search\/genus\/detail\/?genus_id=43079\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.algaebase.org\/search\/genus\/detail\/?genus_id=43079<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Kom\u00e1rek, J., Ka\u0161tovsk\u00fd J., Mare\u0161 J., &amp; Johansen J. R. (2014). Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. Preslia 86: 295\u2013335.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Taxonomy Order Oscillatoriales Family Oscillatoriaceae Genus Phormidium Examples of Phormidium The genus Phormidium has undergone considerable revision, including a reclassifications of some species into various other genera, and there are taxonomic questions that have yet to be answered (Kom\u00e1rek et al. 2014). The number of accepted (taxonomically valid) species may not be consistent from one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":611,"parent":829,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-891","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=891"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1253,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891\/revisions\/1253"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/829"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montclair.edu\/water-science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}