Pests in the Forest

Caterpillars have devoured several leaves on this tree and are working on the next leaf.

Holes in the middle and also along the edges of this leaf indicate the possibility of 2 different types of pests attacking these leaves.

Insect damage seen around the edges of these leaves.

Leaf galls

New, more toxic leaf growth is shown as more red than the other plant leaves. Increased toxicity is an adaptation to discourage pests from eating the young, tender leaves.